3/6/2024 0 Comments Setup for frontier 4.1![]() It overcomes a drawback of the mixed approach by Battese et al. ( 2014) proposed a new two-step approach that estimates both of the two efficiencies by the SFA. The metafrontier technical efficiency is defined as a product of the two efficiencies. The latter is derived from the technology gap ratio (TGR) that is measured by a distance from the group frontier to the metafrontier. The former is derived from the group technical efficiency that is measured by a distance from an actual point to the group frontier for the same technology DMUs. ( 2008) allows us to decompose sources of inefficiency into operational inefficiency and uncontrollable production environment. The metafrontier analysis that was advocated by Hayami and Ruttan ( 1970, 1971) and that was applied to the SFA by Battese and Rao ( 2002), Battese et al. The former can be resolved by the DMU’s effort given the circumstance, but the latter cannot be mitigated without investment to state-of-the-art equipment and management system. Policy-makers should distinguish two inefficiencies: One is attributed to operating failures under the existing technology and the other is attributed to an inability to access the best available technology. ![]() In general, a decision-making unit (DMU) can use not all available technology, but only specific technology given the current physical, social, and human capitals. Technological modernization is one of the key factors for success in improving productivity and environmental management (Yang et al. To this end, we need detailed information what factors affect energy inefficiency. Improving energy efficiency is a feasible solution to the current energy issues in Japan. Although a new feed-in tariff to promote renewable energy was introduced in July 2012, it cannot fully make up for the shortfall resulting from the cessation of nuclear power generation. Nowadays, due to newly introduced more stringent regulation and prospect from the public, only three nuclear plants are at work on March, 2016. After the accident, all 54 nuclear reactors in Japan had been shut down. The mean TGR of the metropolitan areas is also smaller than that of rural areas, implying that many Japanese regions with major cities are far below the metafrontier and still have much room for energy savings.Īfter the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster on March 11, 2011, energy conservation has been an urgent issue in Japan. The mean metafrontier TFEE of the metropolitan areas is smaller than that of rural areas, implying that the former is energy inefficient than the latter. The mean group TFEE is smaller than the mean TGR for both the groups, which shows that the energy inefficiency in Japanese regions with respect to the metafrontier comes from primarily operating inefficiency, rather technology gap. The metafrontier TFEE is defined as a product of the group TFEE and the technological gap ratio (TGR). (J Prod Anal 42:241–254, 2014) is followed but converted into a two-step input-oriented SFA approach. The two-step output-oriented SFA approach by Huang et al. CiteScore covers all journal titles in Elsevier's Scopus database and is released once a year.This paper measures the metafrontier total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) of 47 regions in Japan for the period 1996–2008, using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). The 2022 CiteScores (released in 2023) are based on citations received in 2019-2022 to articles, reviews, conference papers, book chapters, and data papers published in 2019-2022, and divides this by the number of these documents published in 2019-2022. The CiteScore journal impact metric measures the average citations received in a four-year time window to selected documents published in the same four years. The 2022 Journal Impact Factors, published in the 2023 Journal Citation Report, are based on citations in 2022 for articles published in 20. It is measured each year by the Web of Science Group and reported in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). ![]() The Journal Impact Factor is the average number of citations received in the last year to articles published in the previous two years. Following the 2023 release of the Web of Science Group's Journal Citation Report (JCR 2022) and Scopus' CiteScore, 72 of the journals published by Frontiers have a Journal Impact Factor and 79 journals have a CiteScore.
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